Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 20(4): 406-415, jul. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352429

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Sever cognitive and memory impairments, huge increase in the prevalence of the disease, and lacking definite cure have absorbed worldwide efforts to develop therapeutic approaches. Since many drugs have failed in the clinical trials due to multifactorial nature of AD, symptomatic treatments are still in the center attention and now, nootropic medicinal plants have been found as versatile ameliorators to reverse memory disorders. In this work, anti-Alzheimer's activity of aqueous extract of areca nuts (Areca catechu L.) was investigated via in vitro and in vivo studies. It depicted good amyloid ß (Aß) aggregation inhibitory activity, 82% at 100 µg/mL. In addition, it inhibited beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) with IC50 value of 19.03 µg/mL. Evaluation of neuroprotectivity of the aqueous extract of the plant against H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 neurons revealed 84.5% protection at 1 µg/mL. It should be noted that according to our results obtained from Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, the extract reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rats at concentrations of 1.5 and 3 mg/kg.


La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo relacionado con la edad. Los severos deterioros cognitivos y de la memoria, el enorme aumento de la prevalencia de la enfermedad y la falta de una cura definitiva han absorbido los esfuerzos mundiales para desarrollar enfoques terapéuticos. Dado que muchos fármacos han fallado en los ensayos clínicos debido a la naturaleza multifactorial de la EA, los tratamientos sintomáticos siguen siendo el centro de atención y ahora, las plantas medicinales nootrópicas se han encontrado como mejoradores versátiles para revertir los trastornos de la memoria. En este trabajo, se investigó la actividad anti-Alzheimer del extracto acuoso de nueces de areca (Areca catechu L.) mediante estudios in vitro e in vivo. Representaba una buena actividad inhibidora de la agregación de amiloide ß (Aß), 82% a 100 µg/mL. Además, inhibió la beta-secretasa 1 (BACE1) con un valor de CI50 de 19,03 µg/mL. La evaluación de la neuroprotección del extracto acuoso de la planta contra la muerte celular inducida por H2O2 en neuronas PC12 reveló una protección del 84,5% a 1 µg/mL. Cabe señalar que, de acuerdo con nuestros resultados obtenidos de la prueba Morris Water Maze (MWM), el extracto revirtió el déficit de memoria inducido por escopolamina en ratas a concentraciones de 1,5 y 3 mg/kg.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Areca/chemistry , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , beta-Amylase/antagonists & inhibitors , Amyloid beta-Peptides/drug effects , Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors , Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/drug effects , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control , Morris Water Maze Test , Medicine, Traditional
2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 18(6): 544-554, nov. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102238

ABSTRACT

In this work, the inhibitory activity of a wide range of polysaccharide extracts from two Iranian and French strains of Agaricus subrufescens were evaluated toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among them, two extracts S9 and S'7 obtained from Iranian and French strains under different extraction conditions showed selective AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 154.63 and 145.43 µg/mL, respectively. It should be noted that all extracts from both strains demonstrated no BChE inhibitory activity. S9 and S'7 were also tested for their effect on amyloid beta (Aß) aggregation, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotectivity. Their activity against Aß aggregation was comparable to that of donepezil as the reference drug but they induced moderate antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging activity and negligible neuroprotectivity against Aß-induced damage.


En este trabajo, se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) y butirilcolinesterasa (BChE) para varios extractos de polisacáridos de dos cepas iraníes y francesas de Agaricus subrufescens. Los extractos más potentes mostraron valores de IC50 de 154,63 y 145 µg/ml para las cepas iraní (S9) y francesa (S'7), respectivamente, las cuales se obtuvieron de diferentes condiciones de extracción; sin embargo, todos los extractos no mostraron actividad inhibitoria de BChE. Además, S9 y S'7 se probaron para determinar su efecto sobre la agregación de beta-amiloide (Aß), así como su actividad antioxidante y neuroprotectora. Su actividad inhibitoria de la agregación de Aß fue comparable con donepezil, fármaco de referencia, pero indujeron una actividad antioxidante moderada, medida mediante la captación de radicales DPPH, y una neuroprotectora insignificante contra el daño inducido por Aß.


Subject(s)
Agaricus/chemistry , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Amyloid/drug effects , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Picrates , Biphenyl Compounds , Butyrylcholinesterase , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Fungal Polysaccharides/pharmacology
3.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 59-65, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741448

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of a laser scanner developed to determine the coordinates of clinical bracket points and to compare with the results of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). METHODS: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts of 18 adults with normal Class I occlusion. First, the coordinates of the bracket points were measured on all casts by a CMM. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the bracket points were measured on the same casts by a 3D laser scanner designed at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. The validity and reliability of each system were assessed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg's formula. RESULTS: The difference between the mean dimension and the actual value for the CMM was 0.0066 mm. (95% CI: 69.98340, 69.99140). The mean difference for the laser scanner was 0.107 ± 0.133 mm (95% CI: -0.002, 0.24). In each method, differences were not significant. The ICC comparing the two methods was 0.998 for the X coordinate, and 0.996 for the Y coordinate; the mean difference for coordinates recorded in the entire arch and for each tooth was 0.616 mm. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of clinical bracket point coordinates measured by the laser scanner was equal to that of CMM. The mean difference in measurements was within the range of operator errors. .


OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o valor diagnóstico de um scanner a laser desenvolvido para determinar as coordenadas dos pontos de colagem de braquetes, comparando seus resultados aos resultados obtidos com uma máquina de medição coordenada (MMC). MÉTODOS: esse estudo experimental diagnóstico foi conduzido com modelos ortodônticos obtidos a partir da arcada superior de 18 pacientes adultos, com oclusão normal de Classe I. Inicialmente, as coordenadas dos pontos de colagem de braquetes de todos os modelos foram mensuradas por uma MMC. Em seguida, as coordenadas tridimensionais (X, Y, Z) dos pontos foram mensuradas nos mesmos modelos por um scanner a laser 3D, desenvolvido na Universidade de Shahid Beheshti. A eficácia e confiabilidade dos dois sistemas foram avaliadas pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e pela fórmula de Dahlberg. RESULTADOS: a diferença entre a média da dimensão mensurada pela MMC e o valor real obtido foi de 0,0066mm (IC 95%: 69,98340 - 69,99140). A diferença média para o scanner a laser foi de 0,107 ± 0,133 (95% IC: -0,002 - 0,24). Em cada método, as diferenças não foram significativas. Ao comparar os dois métodos, o CCI gerou um valor de 0,998 para a coordenada X e de 0,996 para a coordenada Y. A diferença média para as coordenadas registradas em cada dente da arcada foi de 0,616mm. CONCLUSÃO: a precisão das coordenadas do ponto de colagem dos braquetes foi a mesma no scanner a laser e na MMC. A diferença média entre as medições manteve-se dentro dos limites de erros operacionais. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/genetics , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/genetics , Presenilin-1/genetics , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Alanine/pharmacology , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors , Azepines/pharmacology , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/enzymology , Mutation, Missense
4.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2013 Dec; 51(12): 1086-1093
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-150296

ABSTRACT

Nitric oxide plays a role in a series of neurobiological functions, underlying behaviour and memory. The functional role of nNOS derived nitric oxide in cognitive functions is elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Learning and memory behaviour was assessed using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. 7-nitroindazole (25 mg/kg, ip) was administered as prophylactically (30 min before intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection on day 1) and therapeutically (30 min before the assessment of memory by Morris water maze on day 15). Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin produced significant cognitive deficits coupled with alterations in biochemical indices.These behavioural and biochemical changes were significantly prevented by prophylactic treatment of 7-nitroindazole. However, therapeutic intervention of 7-nitroindazole did not show any significant reversal. The results suggests that 7-nitroindazole can be effective in the protection of dementiainduced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin only when given prophylactically but not therapeutically.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/chemically induced , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Animals , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Cognition Disorders/enzymology , Cognition Disorders/pathology , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Humans , Indazoles/administration & dosage , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Maze Learning/physiology , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism , Rats , Streptozocin/toxicity
5.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2011 June; 48(3): 197-201
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135320

ABSTRACT

The neuroprotective potential of ethanolic extract of roots of Pseudarthria viscida (L) Wight and Arn (EEPV) was investigated against -amyloid(25-35)-induced amnesia in mice which is a suitable animal model for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The senile plaques of -amyloid (A) are major constituents accumulated during the progression of AD as a potent neurotoxicant. In our investigation, intracerebroventricular injection of A(25-35) in mice induced the neurodegeneration, exhibited the increased time of escape latency in behavioral pattern using water maze and decreased the levels of antioxidants namley superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and vitamin C with elevated level of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). The neuroprotective potential of EEPV was determined by behavioral pattern using water maze and biochemical parameters such as SOD, CAT and GPx and vitamin C content as well as AChE. Mice were treated with EEPV at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses for 21 days. Except control, all animals received a single injection of neurotoxicant A(25-35) on 14th day. In behavioural assessment, treatment with ethanolic extract improved the cognitive function in the water maze and attenuated the elevated levels of AChE with increase in antioxidant enzymes, indicating the neuroprotection with increased levels of vitamin C. These findings suggest that ethanolic extract of P. viscida exerts anti-amnesiac effects and enhances cognitive function.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/drug effects , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Alzheimer Disease/chemically induced , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Amnesia/chemically induced , Amnesia/drug therapy , Amnesia/enzymology , Amnesia/pathology , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Animals , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Catalase/drug effects , Catalase/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Glutathione Peroxidase/drug effects , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Mice , Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Superoxide Dismutase/drug effects , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(2): 189-193, Apr. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545939

ABSTRACT

Several genes have been related to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) influence the processing and secretion of the amyloid precursor protein, which gives rise to the beta-amyloid peptide, the major component of the amyloid plaque in AD. Hence, in the present study, polymorphisms of three genes encoding PLA2 enzymes group (cytosolic PLA2: BanI cPLA2 polymorphism; calcium-independent PLA2: AvrII iPLA2 polymorphism; PAFAH: Val279Phe PAFAH polymorphism) were analysed in a case-control sample using 58 patients with LOAD and 107 matched healthy controls. There was a genotypic association between the BanI cPLA2 polymorphism and LOAD (χ2=6.25, 2df, p=0.04), however there was no allelic association. There were no associations between AvrII iPLA2 and Val279Phe PAFAH polymorphisms and LOAD. These data suggest that the BanI cPLA2 polymorphism may play a role in the susceptibility for LOAD in our Brazilian sample.


Vários genes têm sido investigados como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer (DA) de início tardio. As fosfolipases A2 (PLA2) influenciam o processamento e secreção da proteína precursora do amilóide, que dá origem ao peptídeo meta-amilóide, o principal componente da placa amilóide na DA. Assim, no presente estudo, foram analisados três polimorfismos genéticos que codificam enzimas do grupo das PLA2 (PLA2 citosólica: polimorfismo BanI cPLA2; PLA2 cálcio-independente: polimorfismo AvrII iPLA2; PAFAH: polimorfismo Val279Phe PAFAH) em 58 pacientes com DA de início tardio e 107 controles saudáveis pareados. Houve associação genotípica entre o polimorfismo BanI cPLA2 e DA de início tardio (χ2=6,25, 2df, p=0,04); no entanto não foi observada associação alélica. Não houve associação entre os polimorfismos AvrII iPLA2 e Val279Phe PAFAH com a doença. Tais dados sugerem que o polimorfismo BanI cPLA2 pode estar envolvido como fator de susceptibilidade para DA de início tardio em nossa amostra brasileira.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , /genetics , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , /genetics , /genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Alleles , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype
7.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 145(2): 147-150, mar.-abr. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567518

ABSTRACT

El establecimiento de la medicina genómica en México oferta la posibilidad de una mirada más integral de los factores etiológicos de las enfermedades, incorporando en una visión global la interacción del genoma con el ambiente. La nutrición es reconocida como determinante para algunas enfermedades, pero su interacción con polimorfismos, y en general con el genoma, ha sido poco estudiada. En México se informa alta prevalencia de polimorfismos en el gen metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa, y tanto estudios clínicos como básicos la han relacionado con aumento de susceptibilidad para el desarrollo de enfermedad de Alzheimer. Esto ofrece una potencial aproximación nutrigenómica en el país.


The establishment of medical genomics in Mexico offers the possibility to study in a more comprehensive manner the etiological factors of different diseases, providing a global view of the interaction between the genome and the environment. Nutrition is recognized as a significant determinant in several diseases, yet its interaction with polymorphisms, and in general with the genome, has not been properly addressed Mexico has a high prevalence of polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, and in both clinical and basic studies this has been associated with an increased susceptibility of developing Alzheimer's disease. We propose a potential nutrigenomic approach for the study of Alzheimer disease in Mexico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , /genetics , Nutrigenomics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Mexico
8.
J. bras. med ; 95(2): 11-20, ago. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525113

ABSTRACT

O íon cálcio funciona como um segundo mensageiro que regula um amplo espectro de processos celulares. A diminuição ou perda do controle dos mecanismos que regulam a concentração intracelular desse íon está associada, respectivamente, ao envelhecimento dos neurônios e a doenças neurodegenerativas. A gênese dessas modificações é desconhecida. Entretanto, estudos recentes apontam para uma provável correlação entre expressão gênica alterada, estresse do retículo endoplasmático e os processos patológicos associados à disfunção na concentração intracelular do cálcio. O esclarecimento dessas questões poderá trazer novos alvos terapêuticos capazes de frear ou reverter tais alterações, combatendo, dessa forma, tanto o envelhecimento neuronal quanto as doenças neurodegenerativas.


Calcium is a second messenger that regulates a lot of cellular functions. The following mechanisms regulate the intracellular concentrations of the ion: influx, release, extrusion and storage. Decrease or loss in control of these mechanisms is related to aging of neurons and neurodegenerative diseases, respectively. The genesis of these alterations is unknown. However, recent studies point to a correlation between calcium dysfunction and altered gene expression. There is also a correlation between endoplasmic reticulum stress and pathological processes. Further investigations may reveal new therapeutical targets that can block or revert these alterations.


Subject(s)
Calcium Channels/physiology , Nerve Degeneration/physiopathology , Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications , Calcium Signaling/physiology , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Huntington Disease/enzymology , Parkinson Disease/enzymology , Cellular Senescence/physiology , Amyloid beta-Peptides/physiology , Endoplasmic Reticulum/physiology
9.
Rev. psiquiatr. clín. (São Paulo) ; 25(3): 114-7, maio-jun. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-236697

ABSTRACT

Na doenca de Alzheimer (DA), os principais eventos associados a neurodegeneracao sao a formacao de placas senis e de emaranhados neurofibrilares. Estes fenomenos relacionam-se respectivamente a deposicao de beta-amiloide (Ab) e a alteracoes do estado de fosforilacao da proteina Tau. Esta e componente essencial dos microtubulos, onde se encontra em estado polimerizado. A estabilidade do polimero depende do grau de fosforilacao da Tau, tornando-se mais instavel quanto mais fosforilada a proteina. Consequentemente, a hiperfosforilacao da Tau relaciona-se com menor estabilidade do citoesqueleto, favorecendo a morte neuronal. O Ab e produzido pela clivagem da proteina precursora do amiloide (APP) por acao da enzima beta-secretase, em detrimento da acao mais fisiologica da alfa-secretase, que da origem ao fragmento APPs. As fibras de Ab tem diversos efeitos neurotoxicos, alem de ocorrerem associadamente a uma presumivel perda funcional do metabolito secretado APPs...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/enzymology , Phosphorylation , Acetylcholine/analysis , Acetylcholine/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Neurofibrillary Tangles , Plaque, Amyloid , Electrophoresis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , /analysis , /metabolism , Cholinergic Agonists/analysis , Cholinergic Agonists/metabolism , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , Neurodegenerative Diseases/immunology , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/analysis , tau Proteins/analysis
10.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 45(6): 345-349, jun. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-306922

ABSTRACT

A fosfolipase A2 (PLA2) é uma enzima fundamental no metabolismo dos fosfolípides da membrana celular. A PLA2 influencia o processamento e a secreção da proteína precursora do amilóide, que dá origem ao peptídeo ß-amilóide, o componente principal das placas senis na doença de Alzheimer (DA). Investigamos a atividade da PLA2 em duas amostras: a) num estudo post mortem, em tecido cerebral de 23 pacientes com uma DA e 20 controles não-dementes, e b) em plaquetas de 16 pacientes com uma DA provável, 13 controles sadios e 14 pacientes idosos com uma depressão. No cérebro, a atividade da PLA2 estava significantemente reduzida no córtex parietal e frontal de pacientes com DA. Esta redução estava correlacionada com um início precoce da doença, com um número mais elevado de neurofibrilas e placas senis, e com um óbito mais prematuro. Também nas plaquetas de pacientes com DA encontramos uma redução da atividade da PLA2 em comparação com os controles sadios e deprimidos. A redução da atividade da enzima em plaquetas estava correlacionada com um início precoce da doença, com o grau de atrofia cerebral e com um déficit cognitivo mais acentuado, indicando assim uma relação entre a redução da PLA2 e uma forma mais severa da doença. Nossos resultados indicam um distúrbio do metabolismo de fosfolípides na DA e sugerem que a redução da atividade da PLA2 poderia contribuir para a formação do peptídeo ß-amilóide na doença. Estudos futuros devem esclarecer se a atividade da PLA2 em plaquetas poderia ser útil como um marcador periférico para a DA, ou como preditor para o grau de severidade da doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged , Blood Platelets , Cerebrum/enzymology , Cerebrum/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Alzheimer Disease/blood , Phospholipases A , Amyloid beta-Peptides
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL